Attributing Human Uniqueness and Human Nature to Cultural Groups: Distinct Forms of Subtle Dehumanization

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Dehumanization and infrahumanization. (2014, background): “Researchers have examined associations between social groups and nonhuman entities (e.g., Bain et al. 2009, Rudman & Mescher 2012) or, even less directly, associations between groups and human attributes such as traits and emotions (e.g., Martinez et al. 2012).”
We are human, they are not: Driving forces behind outgroup dehumanisation and the humanisation of the ingroup (2012, background): “Indeed, cultural variables seem to play a role in people’s folk conception of humanness (Bain et al., 2012) and could help to explain why they prefer one dimension of humanness over the other when differentiating their own group from a relevant outgroup (Bain et al., 2009).”
Intergroup bias toward “Group X”: Evidence of prejudice, dehumanization, avoidance, and discrimination against asexuals (2012, background): “Bain et al. (2009) 2 previously identified four emotions (one positive, three negative) perceived to be uniquely human (optimism, embarrassment, disgust, guilt), and five emotions (four positive, one negative) perceived to represent human nature (love, desire, happiness , affection, fear); four…”