Tax incentives… or subsidies for business R&D?

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Subsidies, financial constraints and firm innovative activities in emerging economies (2017, background): “However, Cowling (2016) and Busom et al. (2014, 2016) do not think that tax credits significantly affect SME’s R&D in the UK and Spain, respectively.”
The effects of public support schemes on small and medium enterprises (2015, background): “Busom et al. (2014) conclude that these two instruments have different abilities when it comes to addressing the causes of market failure, and can actually be used as complements in the policy sense.”