Experimental and modeling analysis of thermal runaway propagation over the large format energy storage battery module with Li4Ti5O12 anode
By Peifeng Huang, Ping Ping, Ke Li, Haodong Chen, Qingsong Wang, J. Wen, Jinhua Sun. 2016
225 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Insight of the thermal characteristics and potential flame spread over lithium-ion battery (LIB) modules is important for designing battery thermal management system and fire protection measures. Such thermal characteristics and potential flame spread are also dependent on the different anode and cathode materials as well as the electrolyte. In the present study, thermal behavior and flame propagation over seven 50 A h Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2/Li4Ti5O12 large format LIBs arranged in rhombus and parallel layouts were investigated by directly heating one of the battery units. Such batteries have already been used commercially for energy storage while relatively little is known about its safety features in connection with potential runaway caused fire and explosion hazards. It was found in the present heating tests that fire-impingement resulted in elevated temperatures in the immediate vicinity of the LIBs that were in the range of between 200 °C and 900 °C. Such temperature aggravated thermal runaway (TR) propagation, resulting in rapid temperature rise within the battery module and even explosions after 20 min of “smoldering period”. The thermal runaway and subsequent fire and explosion observed in the heating test was attributed to the violent reduction of the cathode material which coexisted with the electrolyte when the temperature exceeded 260 °C. Separate laboratory tests, which measured the heat and gases generation from samples of the anode and cathode materials using C80 calorimeter, provided insight of the physical-chemistry processes inside the battery when the temperature reaches between 30 °C and 300 °C. The self-accelerating decomposition temperature of the cell, regarded as the critical temperature to trigger TR propagation, was calculated as 126.1 and 139.2 °C using the classical Semenov and Frank-Kamenetskii models and the measurements of the calorimeter with the samples. These are consistent with the measured values in the heating tests in which TR propagated. The events leading to the explosions in the test for the rhombus layout was further analyzed and two possible explanations were postulated and analyzed based on either internal catalytic reactions or Boiling Liquid Expansion Vapor Explosion (BLEVE).
Subfields: Automotive Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/718f9b22c4b677a99c47e3c4c845066b494b704c
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Citations in the corpus
- Numerical investigation of thermal runaway behavior of lithium-ion batteries with different battery materials and heating conditions (2021, background): “Table 1 Thermophysical properties of anode materials[27, 28] Parameter lithiated graphite lithiated Li4Ti5O12 Aa 2.”
- A review on research status and key technologies of battery thermal management and its enhanced safety (2018, background): “To maximally enhance the heat transfer ability of the emergency cooling system, phase change medium characterized with nonpoisonous and nonflammable is valuable for popularization and application.(150,151) Thereby, when the used medium reached to its constant temperature of melting or evaporation, t”
- A review of the internal short circuit mechanism in lithium‐ion batteries: Inducement, detection and prevention (2021, background): “These accidents all caused secondary fires(22) and explosions(23) that bring many safety concerns.(24) The TR accidents seriously affect and restrict the application of LIBs in vehicles and energy storage systems.”
- A Review of Lithium-Ion Battery Fire Suppression (2020, background): “Other materials such as lithium titanate and silicone operate at lower negative voltages reducing the energy and power density, making them less practical except for fast charging devices [36] and fixed energy storage where the importance of energy density is less significant [37].”
- Time Sequence Map for Interpreting the Thermal Runaway Mechanism of Lithium-Ion Batteries With LiNixCoyMnzO2 Cathode (2018, background): “, 2015) that accompany with the battery failures, therefore the safety issues of high energy lithium-ion batteries are arousing more and more attentions in recent years (Feng et al., 2016a, 2018c,d; Guo et al., 2016; Huang et al., 2016; Wu et al., 2018).”