ENSO Modulation: Is It Decadally Predictable?

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The GFDL Earth System Model Version 4.1 (GFDL‐ESM 4.1): Overall Coupled Model Description and Simulation Characteristics (2020, background): “0, with a slightly stronger and longer‐period ENSO than observations (Figure 26).”
Strong and moderate nonlinear El Niño regimes (2016, unknown): “2010) and decadal modulation (Wittenberg et al. 2014).”
The Max Planck Institute Grand Ensemble: Enabling the Exploration of Climate System Variability (2019, methodology): “Internal variability can be quantified using a long control simulation in the absence of external forcing (e.g., Thompson et al., 2015; Wittenberg et al., 2014).”
Structure and Performance of GFDL's CM4.0 Climate Model (2019, background): “The broad interannual signature arises both from the interdecadal modulation of the ENSO's dominant period (Wittenberg, 2009; Wittenberg et al., 2014) and from the multiscale nature of ENSO's episodic and skewed SST anomalies (SSTAs)—which are characterized by strong, brief El Niño peaks but weaker,”