Ultimate and proximate mechanisms underlying the occurrence of bears close to human settlements: review and management implications

By Marcus Elfström, A. Zedrosser, Jon E. Swenson. 2014

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Consequences of brown bear viewing tourism : A review (2017, background): “…be 409 taken into consideration before to assume habituation, e.g. younger bears and females 410 with cubs can use areas closer to people because they are avoiding dominant bears 411 (Elfström et al. 2014 a,b,c), which often stay further away from human settlements 412 (Nellemann et al. 2007).”
Shifting perceptions of risk and reward: Dynamic selection for human development by black bears in the western United States (2015, background): “…selection for development increases with age, merits additional investigation, particularly as it contradicts studies that have suggested that juvenile brown, black and polar bears are most likely to use development and cause conflicts with people (Towns et al., 2009 and Elkström et al., 2014).”