Assessing residual stress development and stress relaxation in restrained concrete ring specimens

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Quantifying shrinkage cracking in fiber reinforced concrete using the ring test (2006, background): “determine the pressure that is exerted by the shrinking concrete (Step 1, Fig. 2). The ring test is analyzed by assuming that the ring can be separated into a steel ring with a fictitious external interface pressure and a concrete ring with a fictitious internal interface pressure as shown in Fig. 2”
The Role of Specimen Geometry and Boundary Conditions on Stress Development and Cracking in the Restrained Ring Test (2006, methodology): “After mixing, the mortar was placed in the forms (that were lined with acetate on all sides except for the surface in contact with the steel ring which was cleaned and covered with form release oil [24]).”
Influence of paste volume on shrinkage cracking and fracture properties of self-compacting concrete (2007, methodology): “Restrained shrinkage tests The ring tests [6,7] are used to evaluate the risk of cracking due to restrained shrinkage, by measuring an age of”
Early-age autogenous and drying shrinkage behavior of cellulose fiber-reinforced cementitious materials (2011, unknown): “The strain development within the steel ring may be converted to the circumferential tensile stress within the mortar/concrete using the following equation [29]:”