Association between smoking and risk of bladder cancer among men and women

By N. Freedman, D. Silverman, A. Hollenbeck, A. Schatzkin, C. Abnet. Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), 2011

957 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Context Previous studies indicate that the population attributable risk of bladder cancer for tobacco smoking is 50–65% in men and 20–30% in women and that current cigarette smoking triples bladder cancer risk relative to never smoking. Over the last 30 years, incidence rates have remained stable in the United States (men: 123.8/100,000 person-years to 142.2/100,000 person-years; women: 32.5/100,000 person-years to 33.2/100,000 person-years), yet changing smoking prevalence and cigarette composition warrant revisiting risk estimates for smoking and bladder cancer in more recent data. Objective To evaluate the association between tobacco smoking and bladder cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants Men (n=281,394) and women (n=186,134) of the NIH-AARP cohort completed a lifestyle questionnaire and were followed from 1995 through Dec 31, 2006. Previous prospective cohort studies of smoking and incident bladder cancer were identified by systematic review and pooled using fixed effects models with heterogeneity assessed by I2. Main outcome measures Hazard ratios (HR), population attributable risks, and number needed to harm (NNH). Results During 4,518,938 years of follow-up, incident bladder cancer occurred in 3,896 men (144.0/100,000 person-years) and 627 women (34.5/100,000 person-years). Former smokers (119.8/100,000 person-years, HR: 2.22, 95%CI: 2.03–2.44, NNH: 1,250) and current smokers (177.3/100,000 person-years, HR: 4.06, 95%CI: 3.66–4.50; NNH: 727) had higher risks of bladder cancer than never smokers (39.8/100,000 person-years). In contrast, the summary risk estimate for current smoking in seven previous studies (initiated from 1963–1987) was 2.94 (95%CI: 2.45–3.54; I2=0.0%). The population attributable risk for ever smoking in our study was 0.50 (95%CI: 0.45–0.54) in men and 0.52 (95%CI: 0.45–0.59) in women. Conclusions Compared to a pooled estimate of US data from cohorts initiated between 1963 and 1987, relative risks for smoking in the more recent NIH-AARP cohort were higher, with population attributable risks for women comparable to those for men.

Subfields: Physiology, Surgery

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/70a9aacc8593d56eee4bba796f4257199a39795a

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Surgery

1. M. Burger
2. M. Rouprêt
3. M. Babjuk
4. B. V. van Rhijn
5. S. Shariat
6. R. Sylvester

Citations in the corpus

• EAU Guidelines on Non-Muscle-invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Update 2016. (2017, background): “Tobacco smoking is the most important risk factor for BCa, accounting for approximately 50% of cases [2,4] (LE: 3).”
• The global burden of urinary bladder cancer: an update (2019, background): “The population attributable risk (PAR) of tobacco smoking for UBC has been estimated around 50% [19].”
• Treatment of Non-Metastatic Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Aua/Asco/Astro/Suo Guideline (2017, background): “bladder cancer and is estimated to contribute to the development of 50% of bladder tumors.(5,6) Other well-documented risk factors include occupational exposure to carcinogens (e.”
• EAU guidelines on non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: update 2013. (2013, background): “Tobacco smoking is the most important risk factor for BCa, accounting for approximately 50% of cases [6,7] (LE: 3).”