Attributional and Consequential Environmental Assessment of the Shift to Lead-Free Solders (10 pp)

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Lights and shadows in consequential LCA (2012, background): “2008）。 Earles & Halog（2011）が幅広く議論しているように、部分均衡モデル（partial equilibrium models: PEM）や一般均衡モデル（general equilibrium models）を使用して、いくつかのマーケットを同時に結合させる試みもなされている（例えばDandres et al. 2011; Ekvall & Andrae 2006; Kløverpris et al .”
Using Attributional Life Cycle Assessment to Estimate Climate‐Change Mitigation Benefits Misleads Policy Makers (2014, background): “…al. 2009), many researchers have concluded that the key difference is that CLCA estimates the effects of a specific action (e.g., a GHG mitigation policy), whereas ALCA does not (e.g., Earles and Halog 2011; Reinhard and Zah 2011; Whitefoot et al. 2011; Curran et al. 2005; Ekvall and Andrae 2006).”
Consequential life cycle assessment: a review (2011, methodology): “ Ekvall and Andrae (2006) found that ALCA revealed that the shift from lead-containing to lead-free solder means that lead is virtually eliminated from the solder life cycle.”
Recent developments in Life Cycle Assessment. (2009, background): “Some recent case studies have been made using both attributional and consequential methods on the same product (Ekvall and Andrae, 2006; Thomassen et al., 2008) to illustrate the applicability of both approaches.”