Oligodendrocytes: biology and pathology
By M. Bradl, Hans Lassmann. Acta Neuropathologica, 2009
850 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS). They are the end product of a cell lineage which has to undergo a complex and precisely timed program of proliferation, migration, differentiation, and myelination to finally produce the insulating sheath of axons. Due to this complex differentiation program, and due to their unique metabolism/physiology, oligodendrocytes count among the most vulnerable cells of the CNS. In this review, we first describe the different steps eventually culminating in the formation of mature oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths, as they were revealed by studies in rodents. We will then show differences and similarities of human oligodendrocyte development. Finally, we will lay out the different pathways leading to oligodendrocyte and myelin loss in human CNS diseases, and we will reveal the different principles leading to the restoration of myelin sheaths or to a failure to do so.
Subfields: Cancer Research, Developmental Neuroscience, Neurology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7091cf6e8a802a989628a4bbf658a67bf913b151
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Citations in the corpus
- Cellular and Molecular Characterization of Multipolar Map5-Expressing Cells: A Subset of Newly Generated, Stage-Specific Parenchymal Cells in the Mammalian Central Nervous System (2013, background): “Since mMap5 cells display most antigens expressed at different stages of the oligodendrocyte precursor cell lineage [55,56], we performed a set of experiments with cell proliferation markers in order to gain more insight on their putative origin from cycling progenitors.”
- Cytokines and Chemokines at the Crossroads of Neuroinflammation, Neurodegeneration, and Neuropathic Pain (2013, background): “Oligodendrocytes are known to express receptors for various cytokines and chemokines [162].”