Does ecologically unequal exchange occur

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Global patterns of ecologically unequal exchange: Implications for sustainability in the 21st century (2021, background): “The results of the only global assessment – where ecologically unequal exchange was assessed in terms of proportionality of physical and monetary trade, ecological intensity, and net-transfers (Moran et al., 2013) – have been called into question (Dorninger and Hornborg, 2015).”
Growth in Environmental Footprints and Environmental Impacts Embodied in Trade: Resource Efficiency Indicators from EXIOBASE3 (2018, background): “However, there is concern for potentially unequal ecological exchange in trade (Moran et al. 2013) and for having consonant environmental protection embodied in traded goods (Copeland and Taylor 2004).”
Theoretical exploration for the combination of the ecological, energy, carbon, and water footprints: Overview of a footprint family (2014, background): “…et al., 2013), the energy footprint (Wiedmann, 2009a), the carbon footprint (Hertwich and Peters, 2009), and the water footprint (Yu et al., 2010), as well as to the measurements of different sets of footprints (Galli et al., 2013; Lenzen et al., 2012; Moran et al., 2013; SteenOlsen et al., 2012).”