Stable suspensions of partially silylated cellulose whiskers dispersed in organic solvents

By Cécile Goussé, H. Chanzy, G. Excoffier, L. Soubeyrand, E. Fleury. 2002

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State of the Art Manufacturing and Engineering of Nanocellulose: A Review of Available Data and Industrial Applications (2013, methodology): “cations of NCC are esterification, silylation, cationisation, fluorescent labeling, carboxylation by TEMPO-Media oxidation, and polymer grafting [145-149] (Figure 5).”
Biomimetic mechanically adaptive nanocomposites (2010, methodology): “to improve whisker dispersibility in organic media, including the use of surfactants [44,47], silylation [48], grafting of PEO [49] or maleated polypropylene [44], and acylation [50].”
Cellulose nanocrystal: A promising toughening agent for unsaturated polyester nanocomposite (2015, background): “[33] stabilized tunicin nanocrystals in tetrahydrofuran (THF) by partial silylation of their surface.”
Cellulosic Bionanocomposites: A Review of Preparation, Properties and Applications (2010, methodology): “The modification of cellulose nanocrystals and MFC with organic compounds via reaction of the surface hydroxyl groups has been carried out with different grafting agents such as isocyanates [124], anhydrides [124], chlorosilanes [125,126] or silanes [23,43,125].”
Dispersion of cellulose nanocrystals in polar organic solvents (2007, methodology): “redispersed cellulose nanocrystals in nonpolar organic solvents by partially silylating the surface (Gousse et al. 2002), and Grunert et al.”