Proof of Activity: Extending Bitcoin's Proof of Work via Proof of Stake [Extended Abstract]y

By Iddo Bentov, Charles Lee, Alex Mizrahi, Meni Rosenfeld. PERV, 2014

698 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Artificial Intelligence, Information Systems

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6f40066eb122c06dbff24241ba203e87b3d3c4ff

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Citations in the corpus

Bitcoin and Beyond: A Technical Survey on Decentralized Digital Currencies (2016, methodology): “The approach by [226] is to directly reward active peers for their contribution.”
A Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework for the Financial Portfolio Management Problem (2017, background): “As a result, many other currencies can not be bought with ﬁat currencies, but only be traded against Bitcoin.”
Blockchain's adoption in IoT: The challenges, and a way forward (2019, background): “PoS implies that the people with high stakes are less likely to attack the respective network.”
Ouroboros: A Provably Secure Proof-of-Stake Blockchain Protocol (2017, background): “In contrast, adversaries in typical PoW settings are constrained to make such decisions in an online fashion.”
SoK: Research Perspectives and Challenges for Bitcoin and Cryptocurrencies (2015, background): “Bentov et al [20] proposed having every coin owner implicitly entered into a mining lottery by default; periodically, random values from a beacon (e.g., generated from transactions occurring on the network) are used to select randomly among all the coins in the system; the current owner of the winni”
Blockchain for Future Smart Grid: A Comprehensive Survey (2019, methodology): “The PoAc [46] consensus mechanism is developed based on PoW and PoS.”
REM: Resource-Efficient Mining for Blockchains (2017, background): “To remove this assumption, Bentov et al. [20] and Duong et al. [32] propose hybrid PoW / PoS systems.”
Algorand: Scaling Byzantine Agreements for Cryptocurrencies (2017, background): “Algorand assigns weights to users proportionally to the monetary value they have in the system, inspired by proof-of-stake approaches, suggested as an alternative or enhancement to proof-of-work [3, 10].”
Sustainability of bitcoin and blockchains (2017, background): “Although these alternatives largely reduce the energy consumption as with proof-of-work, there still are security issues when applying them to public blockchains [39,38].”
A Vademecum on Blockchain Technologies: When, Which, and How (2019, background): “Pseudo-random leader elections based on PoW schemes [274] are generally prone to grinding attacks.”
How to Use Bitcoin to Design Fair Protocols (2014, background): “[21] Iddo Bentov, Charles Lee, Alex Mizrahi, and Meni Rosenfeld.”
Cryptocurrency portfolio management with deep reinforcement learning (2016, background): “For example, in our case, the riskless asset is Bitcoin whose price is always 1, and all the price is the exchange rate against Bitcoin.”
Blockchain challenges and opportunities: a survey (2018, positive): “To combine the beneﬁts of POW and POS, proof of activity (Bentov et al., 2014) is proposed.”
Tesseract: Real-Time Cryptocurrency Exchange using Trusted Hardware (2017, background): “In particular, in a proof-of-stake [16, 33, 12, 45, 37, 27, 40] based cryptocurrency the scarce resources are the coins that circulate in the system, and in a proof-of-space [66] based cryptocurrency the scarce resource is storage space.”