Barriers, pathways and processes for uptake, translocation and accumulation of nanomaterials in plants – Critical review
By F. Schwab, Guangshu Zhai, M. Kern, Amalia Turner, J. Schnoor, M. Wiesner. Nanotoxicology, 2016
641 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Abstract Uptake, transport and toxicity of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) into plant cells are complex processes that are currently still not well understood. Parts of this problem are the multifaceted plant anatomy, and analytical challenges to visualize and quantify ENMs in plants. We critically reviewed the currently known ENM uptake, translocation, and accumulation processes in plants. A vast number of studies showed uptake, clogging, or translocation in the apoplast of plants, most notably of nanoparticles with diameters much larger than the commonly assumed size exclusion limit of the cell walls of ∼5–20 nm. Plants that tended to translocate less ENMs were those with low transpiration, drought-tolerance, tough cell wall architecture, and tall growth. In the absence of toxicity, accumulation was often linearly proportional to exposure concentration. Further important factors strongly affecting ENM internalization are the cell wall composition, mucilage, symbiotic microorganisms (mycorrhiza), the absence of a cuticle (submerged plants) and stomata aperture. Mostly unexplored are the roles of root hairs, leaf repellency, pit membrane porosity, xylem segmentation, wounding, lateral roots, nodes, the Casparian band, hydathodes, lenticels and trichomes. The next steps towards a realistic risk assessment of nanoparticles in plants are to measure ENM uptake rates, the size exclusion limit of the apoplast and to unravel plant physiological features favoring uptake.
Subfields: Biomedical Engineering, Materials Chemistry, Plant Science
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6f34133c910fef3ba2f95ef31a3d98485a22ba52
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Citations in the corpus
- Interaction of Nanomaterials with Plants: What Do We Need for Real Applications in Agriculture? (2017, background): “There are several ways for nanoparticles to achieve this, although such mechanisms are better studied in animal cells and less known in plants (Rico et al., 2011; Schwab et al., 2015):”
- Zinc oxide nanoparticle-mediated changes in photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant system of tomato plants (2018, background): “Studies have demonstrated the uptake of NPs by different plants led to their accumulation in subcellular locations (Wang et al. 2012, Schwab et al. 2016), to alterations of various physiological processes, and induced plant growth and development (Garcia-Sanchez 2015, Ge et al. 2012).”
- Nanoparticle-Based Sustainable Agriculture and Food Science: Recent Advances and Future Outlook (2020, background): “The ability of plants to take up these NMs also depends upon the mode of their application as roots absorb nutrients from the soil, leaves are meant for the exchange of gas, and cuticles hamper the penetration of any substance freely (Schwab et al., 2016).”
- Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the growth, photosynthetic traits, and antioxidative enzymes in tomato plants (2018, background): “Plants can accumulate metals in different cellular compartments such as vacuoles, nuclei, and cell wall (Schwab et al. 2016), and they can affect various physiological and biochemical processes (Lin and Xing 2007, 2008, Zhao et al.”
- Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs): a promising nanoparticle in renovating plant science (2021, background): “NPs can also be transported into subcellular organelles like nucleus, plastids, vacuoles and plasmodesmata (Chichiricco and Poma 2015; Da Costa and Sharma 2016; Schwab et al. 2015).”
- Nanotechnology in agriculture: Next steps for understanding engineered nanoparticle exposure and risk (2016, background): “Also, notably lacking in many of these studies is soil as the exposure media; given what is known about the behavior of other contaminants in complex natural matrices such as soil, onemay predict significantly lower toxicity than observed in model media (Schwab et al., 2015).”