Green server design: beyond operational energy to sustainability

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Sustainable AI: Environmental Implications, Challenges and Opportunities (2021, background): “However, system design with a focus on operational energy efficiency optimization does not always produce the most environmentallysustainable solution (Jain & Wullert, 2002; Chang et al., 2010; Gupta et al., 2021).”
Socio-Technological Challenges and Opportunities: Paths Forward (2021, background): “Although there is a carbon cost associated with manufacturing and operating the IT ecosystem, this cost must be evaluated holistically [Chang et al., 2010, Bardon et al., 2020, Gupta et al., 2021, Patterson et al., 2021] in light of the benefits such an ecosystem can provide in other domains [Hager…”
It's not easy being green (2012, background): “The relative contribution of emergy to a server’s life-cycle energy use is less: it accounts for at most 21% to 10% of its total energy use, assuming an average power of 250 W to 500 W and a three-year lifespan and that a typical server has 5 GJ of emergy [6].”
Assessing ICT global emissions footprint: Trends to 2040 & recommendations (2018, background): “Even for servers which tend to have a shorter useful life of 3e5 years, the production energy footprint of a typical data center server is estimated at about 328 kg CO2-e, while the Use Phase energy footprint ranges from 1314 to 3743 kg CO2-e/yr (Chang et al., 2010).”