Gang members, career criminals and prison violence: further specification of the importation model of inmate behavior

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Delinquent Gangs and Adolescent Victimization Revisited (2009, background): “... delinquency, are more likely to carry and use weapons, have less attachment to conventional social institutions, have greater prevalence of substance use and drug selling, are more likely to be noncompliant with the juvenile and criminal justice systems, and face higher mortality from high-risk,”
The correctional melting pot: Race, ethnicity, citizenship, and prison violence (2006, background): “An assortment of studies had found that inmates with more extensive arrest records, history of violence, gang involvement, and prior prison history tended to be the most violent and difficult-to-manage inmates (Craddock, 1996; DeLisi, Berg, & Hochstetler, 2004; DeLisi et al., 2003; Gaes et al., 20”
Gangkill: An Exploratory Empirical Assessment of Gang Membership, Homicide Offending, and Prison Misconduct (2011, result): “Consistent with prior research, the current analyses revealed that inmates who are serving longer sentences (DeLisi et al., 2004; Goetting & Howsen, 1986) and have histories of violence (Camp et al., 2003; Shelden, 1991; Wooldredge, 1991) engaged in prison misconduct more than inmates who are…”
The Past Is Prologue: Prior Adjustment to Prison and Institutional Misconduct (2010, methodology): “, 2003; Cao, Zhao, & Van Dine, 1997) and accumulated violations are likely to result from long terms of imprisonment (Craddock, 1996; DeLisi et al., 2004; Goetting & Howsen, 1986).”