G proteins and phototransduction.

By V. Arshavsky, T. Lamb, E. Pugh. Annual Review of Physiology, 2002

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Ca2+ channel β-subunits: structural insights AID our understanding (2004, neutral): “The concentration to which Gbg rises in intact cells at the peak of an agonist response is difficult to estimate because it is essentially in two dimensions, but it will parallel that of activated Ga. The concentration of activated Gatransducin has been estimated to rise to w250 nM in retinal photor”
Mammalian G proteins and their cell type specific functions. (2005, background): “Activation of PDE lowers cytosolic cGMP levels leading to a decreased open probability of cGMP-regulated cation channels in the plasma membrane, which eventually results in hyperpolarization of the photoreceptor cells (24).”
Phosducin‐like protein acts as a molecular chaperone for G protein βγ dimer assembly (2005, background): “Heterotrimeric G proteins mediate a wide array of hormonal, neuronal and sensory signals that control numerous physio- logical processes ranging from cardiac rhythm (Rockman et al, 2002) to psychological behavior (Gainetdinov et al, 2004) to vision (Arshavsky et al, 2002).”