Are veterinary medicines causing environmental risks?

By A. Boxall, D. Kolpin, B. Halling‐Sørensen, J. Tolls. Environmental Science and Technology, 2003

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Ecotoxicology of human pharmaceuticals. (2006, background): “In contrast, environmental assessments of veterinary pharmaceuticals is required by the U.S. FDA since 1980 (Boxall et al., 2003).”
The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment due to human use--present knowledge and future challenges. (2009, background): “Antimicrobials are among the most widely used pharmaceutical compounds in animals (Boxall et al., 2003a,b; Sarmah et al., 2006).”
Occurrence, fate, and ecotoxicity of antibiotics in agro-ecosystems. A review (2011, neutral): “…include: (a) resistance evolution of pathogens and bacteria through long-time exposure, genetic variation, and transfer of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs), e.g., transferring resistance from nonpathogenic to pathogenic bacteria (Khachatourians 1998; Hirsch et al. 1999; Boxall et al. 2003) Fig.”