Trichoderma virens, a Plant Beneficial Fungus, Enhances Biomass Production and Promotes Lateral Root Growth through an Auxin-Dependent Mechanism in Arabidopsis1[C][W][OA]

By H. A. Contreras-Cornejo, L. Macías-Rodríguez, C. Cortés-Penagos, J. López‐Bucio. Plant Physiology, 2009

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Trichoderma species belong to a class of free-living fungi beneficial to plants that are common in the rhizosphere. We investigated the role of auxin in regulating the growth and development of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings in response to inoculation with Trichoderma virens and Trichoderma atroviride by developing a plant-fungus interaction system. Wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings inoculated with either T. virens or T. atroviride showed characteristic auxin-related phenotypes, including increased biomass production and stimulated lateral root development. Mutations in genes involved in auxin transport or signaling, AUX1, BIG, EIR1, and AXR1, were found to reduce the growth-promoting and root developmental effects of T. virens inoculation. When grown under axenic conditions, T. virens produced the auxin-related compounds indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-acetaldehyde, and indole-3-ethanol. A comparative analysis of all three indolic compounds provided detailed information about the structure-activity relationship based on their efficacy at modulating root system architecture, activation of auxin-regulated gene expression, and rescue of the root hair-defective phenotype of the rhd6 auxin response Arabidopsis mutant. Our results highlight the important role of auxin signaling for plant growth promotion by T. virens.

Subfields: Plant Science

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Citations in the corpus

Trichoderma Secondary Metabolites Active on Plants and FungalPathogens (2014, background): “formation of more lateral roots) by activating an auxin-dependent mechanism [105] and/or producing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or auxin analogues [106].”
Endophytic fungi as direct plant growth promoters for sustainable agricultural production (2021, background): “…play an important role in PGP directly by improving plant nutrition, thanks to, for example, the endophytes’ production of compounds like vitamins (Yan et al. 2019), phytohormones such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (Contreras-Cornejo et al. 2009), and secondary metabolites (Kusari et al. 2012).”
Trichoderma: a potential bioremediator for environmental clean up (2013, background): “It has attained a special position in the field of agriculture as a potent biocontrol agent besides being a plant growth promoter and improves soil fertility due to its disease suppressiveness and composting ability (Harman et al. 2004a; Contreras-Cornejo et al. 2009; Lorito et al. 2010).”
Colonization of Arabidopsis roots by Trichoderma atroviride promotes growth and enhances systemic disease resistance through jasmonic acid/ethylene and salicylic acid pathways (2011, background): “…on either root colonization or colonization of the entire plant (Kleifeld and Chet 1992; Chacón et al. 2007; Shoresh et al. 2010); however, for Trichoderma spp.-Arabidopsis thaliana interaction there are only few reports (Korolev et al. 2008; Contreras-Cornejo et al. 2009; Segarra et al. 2009).”
Effects of Two Trichoderma Strains on Plant Growth, Rhizosphere Soil Nutrients, and Fungal Community of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Annual Seedlings (2019, background): “Contreras-Cornejo [5] showed that IAA, a mycelial secretion of Trichoderma spp.”
Induction of systemic resistance against Cucumber mosaic virus by Penicillium simplicissimum GP17‐2 in Arabidopsis and tobacco (2012, background): “Also, PGPF could produce plant hormones (such as auxins, cytokinins or gibberellins), that alter root morphology and stimulate growth (Furukawa et al., 1996; Contreras-Cornejo et al., 2009).”