Nutritive value of forage legumes used for grazing and silage

By R. Dewhurst, L. Delaby, A. Moloney, T. Boland, E. Lewis. 2009

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Potential of legume-based grassland–livestock systems in Europe: a review (2013, background): “The extensive degradation of CP that occurs during ensilage worsens the imbalance between degradable protein and energy in legume silages, and this leads to inefﬁcient N utilization and high urinary-N excretion (Dewhurst et al. , 2003, 2009; Cohen et al. , 2006).”
Achievements and Challenges in Improving Temperate Perennial Forage Legumes (2015, background): “It has been shown that red clover for silage and white clover in grazed swards can lead to enhanced growth rate and milk yield in comparison with pure grass swards primarily due to enhanced intake, as digestibility is comparable with grasses (Dewhurst et al., 2009).”
Forage Legumes for Grazing and Conserving in Ruminant Production Systems (2015, background): “In these forage legumes, the PDIE per unit feed energy required for lactation (UFL) tends to be close to the value of 100 recommended for optimal feeding of dairy cows but the PDIN per UFL tends to be too high at 130-180 (Figure 7), indicating high rumen degradation of N and a large potential for hi”