Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia, A.K.A. “The Dead Zone”

By N. Rabalais, R. Turner, W. Wiseman. 2002

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GLOBAL MARINE BIODIVERSITY TRENDS (2006, background): “The more stressed phases are dominated by a species-poor community composed of a few amphipods, polychaetes, and sipunculids (104), although macrofauna often exhibits aggregations at the edges of hypoxic zones (142).”
Characteristics of meiofauna in extreme marine ecosystems: a review (2018, background): “Adaptation of meiofauna to hypoxia and anoxia Behavioural (escape, predation reduction) and physiological responses (growth rate decrease, dormancy, initiation of anaerobic metabolism) to hypoxic conditions have been recorded in meiofauna (Rabalais et al. 2002).”
Roots of the Second Green Revolution (2007, background): “The devastating effects of fertiliser runoff on aquatic ecosystems are evident in the alarming spread of ‘dead zones’ surrounding the outlets of rivers such as the Mississippi (Rabalais et al. 2002).”
Jellyfish in ecosystems, online databases, and ecosystem models (2008, background): “Such dead zones occur throughout the world, from the northern Gulf of Mexico ( Rabalais et al., 2002 ) to the Benguela system off southwest Africa (Bakun & Weeks, 2004), and their number is growing rapidly (Dybas, 2005).”