Direct observation of toughening mechanisms in carbon nanotube ceramic matrix composites

By Z. Xia, L. Riester, W. A. Curtin, Hao Li, Brian W. Sheldon, J. Liang, B. Chang, Jimmy Xu. 2004

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Energy absorption capability of nanocomposites: A review (2009, background): “Debonding or pull-out can occur with micro-particles [56,187, 213], nano-particles [208,39], micro-fibers [211,210] and nanofibers [209,67], and may or may not appear in nano-clay [28, 206,40].”
The roles of toughness and cohesive strength on crack deflection at interfaces (2006, background): “1d) provides the same mechanism for protecting substrates, which is of particular use in wear applications [17] [18].”
Enhanced properties of graphene/fly ash geopolymeric composite cement (2015, background): “This improvement was due to a variety of CNT strengthening and toughening 67 mechanisms, including high resistance to crack coalescence, crack deflection at the 68 CNT/matrix interface, inducing and bridging of multiple cracks and CNT pullout on the 69 fractured surfaces [12].”
Load transfer strengthening in carbon nanotubes reinforced metal matrix composites via in-situ tensile tests (2015, background): “In-situ SEM/TEM/AFM experiments have been intensively applied to investigate CNT failure in polymer matrix composites (PMCs) [20,21] and ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) [22,23].”
The present status and key problems of carbon nanotube based polymer composites (2007, methodology): “To date, various composite materials have been prepared by incorporating SWNTs or MWNTs into a metal matrix [9–12], a ceramic matrix [13–16] or a polymer matrix [17–33].”