Differential conditioning produces merged long-term memory in Drosophila
By Bohan Zhao, Jiameng Sun, Qian Li, Yi Zhong. 2021
9 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Multiple spaced trials of aversive differential conditioning can produce two independent long-term memories (LTMs) of opposite valence. One is an aversive memory for avoiding the conditioned stimulus (CS+), and the other is a safety memory for approaching the non-conditioned stimulus (CS–). Here, we show that a single trial of aversive differential conditioning yields one merged LTM (mLTM) for avoiding both CS+ and CS–. Such mLTM can be detected after sequential exposures to the shock-paired CS+ and unpaired CS–, and be retrieved by either CS+ or CS–. The formation of mLTM relies on triggering aversive-reinforcing dopaminergic neurons and subsequent new protein synthesis. Expressing mLTM involves αβ Kenyon cells and corresponding approach-directing mushroom body output neurons (MBONs), in which similar-amplitude long-term depression of responses to CS+ and CS– seems to signal the mLTM. Our results suggest that animals can develop distinct strategies for occasional and repeated threatening experiences.
Subfields: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Molecular Biology
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Citations in the corpus
- Genetic dissection of mutual interference between two consecutive learning tasks in Drosophila (2022, background): “In addition, recent studies have found that a single aversive learning task can produce two opposing memory components: avoidance memory and approach memory (Jacob and Waddell, 2020; Naganos et al., 2022; Zhao et al., 2021).”