The Development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in a Sample of Child Witnesses to Mother Assault

By Peter Lehmann. Journal of Family Violence, 2004

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Trauma Experiences, Maltreatment-Related Impairments, and Resilience Among Child Welfare Youth in Residential Care (2011, unknown): “To date research that has focused on measuring the prevalence of trauma within the child welfare population has documented high prevalence rates of all forms of child maltreatment experiences (Ackerman et al. 1998; Dubner and Motta 1999; Lehman 1997; McCloskey and Walker 2000;)”
Exposure to domestic violence: A meta-analysis of child and adolescent outcomes (2008, background): “Exposure to domestic violence may also lead to trauma symptoms in the form of intrusive reexperiencing of the events in dreams or flashbacks, hy- perarousal or an exaggerated startle response, and emotional withdrawal (Graham-Bermann & Lev- endosky, 1998; Kilpatrick & Williams, 1998; Lehmann, 1997”
Parenting in Battered Women: The Effects of Domestic Violence on Women and Their Children (2001, background): “For example, maternal psychological functioning was computed by adding the woman’s standardized scores on the BDI, the BSI, and the PTSD scale.”
The Effects of Children's Exposure to Domestic Violence: A Meta-Analysis and Critique (2003, background): “Lehmann's study (Lehmann, 1997) of child witnesses also found significant PTSD symptomatology in over half of the sample, raising the possibility of an interaction between trauma and the developmental stage of the child at the time of exposure.”