The payoffs to agricultural biotechnology: an assessment of the evidence

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GM crops : The global economic and environmental impact-The first nine years 1996-2004 (2005, unknown): “…all years $25 1996 & 1997, $20 1998 & 1999, $22 2000 onwards $15.5 all years (James, 2002; Carpenter & Gianessi, 2001; Sankula & Blumenthal, 2004; Marra et al., 2002) Mexico 3%-37% 1996-2004: year specific data used PS540 1996 and 1999 onwards a , $65 1997, $56 1998 PS985 pesos 1996 and 1999…”
The Economics of Genetically Modified Crops (2009, result): “Comparable results were also obtained for HT cotton and HT canola in the United States and Canada (Fulton & Keyowski 1999, Marra et al. 2002, Phillips 2003, Naseem & Pray 2004).”
Three Seasons of Subsistence Insect-Resistant Maize in South Africa: Have Smallholders Benefited? (2006, background): “Marra et al. (2002) indicated a range of yield increases in different US states from 444 kg/ha in Iowa to 1,138 kg/ha in Minnesota.”
Genetically Engineered Crops in the United States (2014, unknown): “Earlier, Marra et al. (2002a) considered the side-by-side trials of Bt and conventional varieties.”