Restoring longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystems:: Hexazinone application enhances effects of prescribed fire
By D. Brockway, K. Outcalt. 2000
119 citations recorded by the source corpus.
A longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystem in the sandhills of north central Florida, upon which turkey oak gained dominance following a wildfire, was treated with applications of hexazinone (1.1 or 2.2 kg/ha) in May 1991. All applications successfully reduced competition from oaks in the overstory and understory (mortality >80%), resulting in progressive increases in the foliar cover of wiregrass, all graminoids and forbs through time. Broadcast application caused a decline in forb cover and species richness during the initial growing season, which recovered by the following year. The 2.2 kg/ha spot application resulted in an increase in species richness, while evenness declined with the continuing expansion of wiregrass. The entire site was then burned in June 1995 by prescribed fire, which caused a widespread decrease in the cover of oaks, shrubs, wiregrass, all graminoids and forbs and plant species richness. In the following year, forb cover increased and oak cover remained significantly lower on plots treated with the combination of hexazinone plus fire than on fire-only plots. The overall cover of forbs, graminoids, shrubs and longleaf pines continued to increase through time. Broadcast application initially exposed a greater number of understory plants to direct contact with herbicide, posing a higher mortality risk than may be acceptable in restoration efforts. Although recovery occurred in subsequent years, the lower selectivity of broadcast application makes it a less suitable restoration technique. Spot application of hexazinone was more selective in its effects upon the plant community. The 2.2 kg/ha spot application produced increases in the cover of wiregrass, all graminoids and forbs and the highest levels of species richness and diversity. The 2.2 kg/ha application rate was also most effective in controlling woody plant competition and is therefore recommended for restoring longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystems in sandhills and similar environments. Hexazinone application followed by prescribed fire accelerates the rate of ecosystem restoration over that achievable by using fire alone. The ecological benefits of controlling competition and rebalancing floristic composition rapidly achieved through this combination of treatments would likely require many cycles of prescribed fire, if used as an individual treatment, over a period of several decades.
Subfields: Ecology, Global and Planetary Change, Plant Science
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/682354c7022b1159566089ebc6308783a102d625
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Citations in the corpus
- Restoring the Ground Layer of Longleaf Pine Ecosystems (2007, background): “Brockway and Outcalt (2000) similarly reported that hexazinone followed by burning more effectively reduced turkey oak and shrub density and enhanced ground layer recovery in an oak-dominated site than did burning alone.”
- Competitive responses of seedlings and understory plants in longleaf pine woodlands: separating canopy influences above and below ground (2007, background): “Longleaf pine has long been considered to be intolerant of competition (Boyer 1990) and, as a result, vegetative control (chemical and mechanical) has been suggested as a means of optimizing its growth (Boyer 1991; Brockway and Outcalt 2000; Brockway et al. 2005).”
- History and restoration of the longleaf pine-grassland ecosystem: Implications for species at risk (2005, background): “…habitat (Welch et al., in press; Wigley et al., 2002), create a two-tiered stand structure by controlling understory hardwoods too large to be killed by fire (Conner, 1989; Waldrop et al., 1992), and augment effects of prescribed fire in restoring longleaf ecosystems (Brockway and Outcalt, 2000).”