Induction, exudation and the UV protective role of kelp phlorotannins

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Sensitivity of Laminariales zoospores from Helgoland (North Sea) to ultraviolet and photosynthetically active radiation: implications for depth distribution and seasonal reproduction (2005, background): “Moreover, kelp phlorotannin exudates along coastal shores from macroalgal sources have been reported to reduce the impact of UVBR, forming UV-refugia for kelp zoospores within the water column ( Swanson & Druehl 2002 ).”
Ultraviolet radiation shapes seaweed communities (2006, background): “An exudation of phlorotannins as response to artificial UVB radiation was observed in Macrocyctis integrifolia (Swanson and Druehl 2002).”
Daily and seasonal variations of optimum quantum yield and phenolic compounds in Cystoseira tamariscifolia (Phaeophyta) (2006, background): “This is consistent with observations by Swanson and Druehl (2002) who also concluded that short-term variation in phenolic compounds in Macrocystis integrifolia was related to their exudation rate.”
The genus Laminaria sensu lato : recent insights and developments (2008, background): “Damage may also be prevented by UV-absorbing phlorotannins, which are often exuded into the surrounding medium (Swanson & Druehl, 2002; Roleda et al., 2005, 2006b).”