Hierarchical Organization of Human Cortical Networks in Health and Schizophrenia

By D. Bassett, E. Bullmore, Beth A. Verchinski, Venkata S. Mattay, Daniel R. Weinberger, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg. Journal of Neuroscience, 2008

1,244 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The complex organization of connectivity in the human brain is incompletely understood. Recently, topological measures based on graph theory have provided a new approach to quantify large-scale cortical networks. These methods have been applied to anatomical connectivity data on nonhuman species, and cortical networks have been shown to have small-world topology, associated with high local and global efficiency of information transfer. Anatomical networks derived from cortical thickness measurements have shown the same organizational properties of the healthy human brain, consistent with similar results reported in functional networks derived from resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetoencephalographic data. Here we show, using anatomical networks derived from analysis of inter-regional covariation of gray matter volume in MRI data on 259 healthy volunteers, that classical divisions of cortex (multimodal, unimodal, and transmodal) have some distinct topological attributes. Although all cortical divisions shared nonrandom properties of small-worldness and efficient wiring (short mean Euclidean distance between connected regions), the multimodal network had a hierarchical organization, dominated by frontal hubs with low clustering, whereas the transmodal network was assortative. Moreover, in a sample of 203 people with schizophrenia, multimodal network organization was abnormal, as indicated by reduced hierarchy, the loss of frontal and the emergence of nonfrontal hubs, and increased connection distance. We propose that the topological differences between divisions of normal cortex may represent the outcome of different growth processes for multimodal and transmodal networks and that neurodevelopmental abnormalities in schizophrenia specifically impact multimodal cortical organization.

Subfields: Cognitive Neuroscience, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/67bb04b0e456facc3b69cdf1173e4f9dd7d7e54f

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Citations in the corpus

Functional connectivity density mapping (2010, background): “The energy-efficient regions (densely connected nodes) are thought to serve as the interconnection hubs, and neuropsychiatric diseases have been linked to abnormalities in their configuration (8, 9).”
Network attributes for segregation and integration in the human brain. (2013, background): “[39]) and of RSNs in functional networks (e.”
Small-World Brain Networks Revisited (2016, background): “…of connectivity from traditional tract-tracing experiments [67], and much less ambiguously related to the cellular substrates of brain networks than the statistical measures of functional connectivity [48, 68] and structural covariance [69, 70] used to build graphs from human neuroimaging data.”
The structural-functional connectome and the default mode network of the human brain (2014, neutral): “Commonly, whole-brain connectivity is investigated between regions that are based on a certain parcellation scheme (Bassett et al., 2008; Gong et al., 2009; Liu et al., 2008; Salvador et al., 2005).”
GRETNA: a graph theoretical network analysis toolbox for imaging connectomics (2015, background): “The hierarchical structure observed here is consistent with previous brain network studies (Bassett et al., 2008; Braun et al., 2012; Liang et al., 2012).”
Can structure predict function in the human brain? (2010, positive): “Some studies implicate DMN regions (Garrity et al., 2007), while others have reported changes in aggregate network topological properties (Bassett et al., 2008; Liu et al., 2008).”
Graph Neural Networks in Network Neuroscience (2021, background): “A structural graph consists of a graph derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) or diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) [2], [8], [10].”
Focal Brain Lesions to Critical Locations Cause Widespread Disruption of the Modular Organization of the Brain (2012, neutral): “…regions; Cao & Slobounov, 2010), in schizophrenia (where hubs defined by a variety of properties shifted away from frontal and cingulate regions; Bassett et al., 2008), and in Alzheimerʼs disease (where decreases in clustering of the hippocampuswas seen in patients; Supekar,Menon, Rubin, Musen,…”
Test-retest reliability of resting-state connectivity network characteristics using fMRI and graph theoretical measures (2012, background): “To extract a binary, undirected network, the connectivity matrix was thresholded over a range of densities, only taking into account the respective percentage of absolute highest correlations or links (Bassett et al., 2008; Bassett and Bullmore, 2006).”
Abnormal rich club organization and functional brain dynamics in schizophrenia. (2013, neutral): “9) [37-88] 57.”
Graph analysis of the human connectome: Promise, progress, and pitfalls (2013, neutral): “, 2008; Zalesky and Fornito, 2009) and found rapid applications in the clinical neurosciences (Bassett et al., 2008; Fornito and Bullmore, 2010, 2012; Fornito et al., 2012b; He et al., 2009; Liu et al., 2008; Micheloyannis et al., 2006; Rubinov et al., 2009a; Stam et al., 2007; van denHeuvel et al.,”