Analyzing the Subject of a Picture: A Theoretical Approach

By Sara Shatford. 1986

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Framing Image Description as a Ranking Task: Data, Models and Evaluation Metrics (2013, background): “There is in fact a substantial body of work on image description related to image libraries (Jaimes, Jaimes, & Chang, 2000; Shatford, 1986) that is useful to revisit for our purpose.”
Stereotyping and Bias in the Flickr30K Dataset (2016, background): “There is a large body of work in art, information science, library science and re-lated ﬁelds dedicated to the description and categorization of images (Shatford, 1986; Jaimes and Chang, 1999).”
Automatic Description Generation from Images: A Survey of Models, Datasets, and Evaluation Measures (2016, background): “An image description can be analyzed in several different dimensions (Shatford, 1986; Jaimes & Chang, 2000).”
Conceptual framework for indexing visual information at multiple levels (1999, methodology): “Shatford refers to this level as specific of [ 34 ].”
Underspecification in Scene Description-to-Depiction Tasks (2022, background): “Shatford (1986) describes this in terms of images being Of one thing yet potentially About another thing.”
Misleading Online Content: Recognizing Clickbait as "False News" (2015, background): “We consider the distance between the pre-iconographical level or “ofness” of a picture [Shatford, 1986] (the depicted objects and events), and congruence to headlines and story content.”