International Myeloma Working Group molecular classification of multiple myeloma: spotlight review
By R. Fonseca, P. Bergsagel, J. Drach, J. Shaughnessy, N. Gutiérrez, A. Stewart, G. Morgan, B. Ness, M. Chesi, S. Minvielle and 12 more. Leukemia, 2009
876 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Myeloma is a malignant proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells. Although morphologically similar, several subtypes of the disease have been identified at the genetic and molecular level. These genetic subtypes are associated with unique clinicopathological features and dissimilar outcome. At the top hierarchical level, myeloma can be divided into hyperdiploid and non-hyperdiploid subtypes. The latter is mainly composed of cases harboring IgH translocations, generally associated with more aggressive clinical features and shorter survival. The three main IgH translocations in myeloma are the t(11;14)(q13;q32), t(4;14)(p16;q32) and t(14;16)(q32;q23). Trisomies and a more indolent form of the disease characterize hyperdiploid myeloma. A number of genetic progression factors have been identified including deletions of chromosomes 13 and 17 and abnormalities of chromosome 1 (1p deletion and 1q amplification). Other key drivers of cell survival and proliferation have also been identified such as nuclear factor- B-activating mutations and other deregulation factors for the cyclin-dependent pathways regulators. Further understanding of the biological subtypes of the disease has come from the application of novel techniques such as gene expression profiling and array-based comparative genomic hybridization. The combination of data arising from these studies and that previously elucidated through other mechanisms allows for most myeloma cases to be classified under one of several genetic subtypes. This paper proposes a framework for the classification of myeloma subtypes and provides recommendations for genetic testing. This group proposes that genetic testing needs to be incorporated into daily clinical practice and also as an essential component of all ongoing and future clinical trials.
Subfields: Hematology, Molecular Biology, Oncology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/675ecb99c9e47b84e04fde19602ed21fd86ec2dc
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Citations in the corpus
- Revised International Staging System for Multiple Myeloma: a report from IMWG (2015, methodology): “5 mg/L CA by iFISH High risk Presence of del(17p) and/or translocation t(4;14) and/or translocation t(14;16) Standard risk No high-risk CA LDH Normal Serum LDH the upper limit of normal High Serum LDH the upper limit of normal A new model for risk stratification for MM R-ISS stage I ISS stage I and ”
- Widespread genetic heterogeneity in multiple myeloma: implications for targeted therapy (2014, neutral): “…studies have documented the existence of clonal heterogeneity in solid tumors and acute myeloid leukemia, albeit in small numbers of patients (Campbell et al., 2010; Carter et al., 2012; Ding et al., 2012; Gerlinger et al., 2012; Nik-Zainal et al., 2012; Shah et al., 2012; Walter et al., 2012).”