An Early Warning System for Asteroid Impact
By J. Tonry. 2010
143 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Earth is bombarded by meteors, occasionally by one large enough to cause a significant explosion and possible loss of life. It is not possible to detect all hazardous asteroids, and the efforts to detect them years before they strike are only advancing slowly. Similarly, ideas for mitigation of the danger from an impact by moving the asteroid are in their infancy. Although the odds of a deadly asteroid strike in the next century are low, the most likely impact is by a relatively small asteroid, and we suggest that the best mitigation strategy in the near term is simply to move people out of the way. With enough warning, a small asteroid impact should not cause loss of life, and even portable property might be preserved. We describe an early warning system that could provide a week’s notice of most sizeable asteroids or comets on track to hit the Earth. This may be all the mitigation needed or desired for small asteroids, and it can be implemented immediately for relatively low cost. This system, dubbed Asteroid Terrestrial-Impact Last Alert System (ATLAS), comprises two observatories separated by about 100 km that simultaneously scan the visible sky twice a night. Software automatically registers a comparison with the unchanging sky and identifies everything that has moved or changed. Communications between the observatories lock down the orbits of anything approaching the Earth, within one night if its arrival is less than a week. The sensitivity of the system permits detection of 140 m asteroids (100 Mton impact energy) three weeks before impact and 50 m asteroids a week before arrival. An ATLAS alarm, augmented by other observations, should result in a determination of impact location and time that is accurate to a few kilometers and a few seconds. In addition to detecting and warning of approaching asteroids, ATLAS will continuously monitor the changing universe around us: most of the variable stars in our Galaxy, many microlensing events from stellar alignments, luminous stars and novae in nearby galaxies, thousands of supernovae, nearly a million quasars and active galactic nuclei, tens of millions of galaxies, and a billion stars. With two views per day ATLAS will make the variable universe as familiar to us as the sunrise and sunset.
Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/66aa00c9c7819d29f76246788db5852f22bfa31e
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In Astronomy and Astrophysics
Citations in the corpus
- The SED Machine: A Robotic Spectrograph for Fast Transient Classification (2017, unknown): “I M ] 2 Rau et al. 2009), ASASSN (Shappee et al. 2014) and ATLAS (Tonry 2011).”
- The Complete Light-curve Sample of Spectroscopically Confirmed SNe Ia from Pan-STARRS1 and Cosmological Constraints from the Combined Pantheon Sample (2017, background): “Other possible low-z samples based on rolling surveys, like ATLAS (Tonry 2011), may further help this issue.”
- ATLAS: A High-cadence All-sky Survey System (2018, methodology): “Tonry (2011) summarized survey performance in terms of a “survey speed” that expresses the rate at which objects can be observed to a limiting magnitude m with signal to noise ratio SNR.”