Education and Invention

By O. Toivanen, L. Väänänen. Review of Economics and Statistics, 2016

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Frontier Knowledge and Scientific Production: Evidence from the Collapse of International Science (2018, background): “…become a “hit” (Uzzi et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2016), as are papers that predominantly cite recent as well as some older references (Mukher- 2Increased funding for universities and the establishment of technical universities increases patenting (Aghion et al., 2009; Toivanen and Väänänen, 2016).”
Do tax incentives for research increase firm innovation? An RD design for R&D (2016, unknown): “Direct support of basic R&D in the science base and increasing the supply of future talent into the innovation sector (e.g. Bell et al., 2015; Toivanen and Väänänen, 2016) are policies that may have more powerful effects on innovation and growth in the long term.”