Commercial astaxanthin production derived by green alga Haematococcus pluvialis: A microalgae process model and a techno-economic assessment all through production line
By Georgios Panis, J. Carreón. 2016
376 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Abstract The freshwater green microalgal strain Haematococcus pluvialis is the richest source for the production of astaxanthin. Astaxanthin is member of the xanthophyll family of carotenoids and constitutes the highest value product derived by microalgae. So far, algal astaxanthin amounts to 3 /year and 23,793 m 3 /year are needed for the production of 426 kg/year and 143 kg/year astaxanthin in Livadeia and Amsterdam respectively. Regarding total energy needs, they were calculated at 751.2 MWh/year and 396.5 MWh/year for the Greek and the Dutch city respectively. With respect to the economic performance, a Profit and Loss (P&L) analysis was conducted applying three scenarios (worst-, base- and best case). Determining CAPEX and annual OPEX, the return of investment (ROI) for different market prices of astaxanthin was calculated. It was found that only in Livadeia high economic viability can be achieved for all market prices. The costs per kilogram of natural astaxanthin for Livadeia and Amsterdam were calculated at €1536/kg ASTAX and €6403/kg ASTAX respectively (best case scenario), rendering natural astaxanthin unable to compete with the synthetic alternative (€880/kg ASTAX ) yet, at least for feeding purposes.
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/660471e34480f89665ea35ecced45885c859ec8d
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Citations in the corpus
- Astaxanthin-Producing Green Microalga Haematococcus pluvialis: From Single Cell to High Value Commercial Products (2016, methodology): “For the dehydration of H. pluvialis biomass, spray drying (Li et al., 2011; Panis, 2015), freeze drying, lyophilization, and cryodesiccation (Milledge, 2013) methods have been utilized.”
- Microalgae Cultivation Technologies as an Opportunity for Bioenergetic System Development—Advantages and Limitations (2020, background): “Algatechnologies, Israel Production of astaxanthin in closed and semi-closed bioreactors under high light intensity [69]”
- Novel Insights into the Biotechnological Production of Haematococcus pluvialis-Derived Astaxanthin: Advances and Key Challenges to Allow Its Industrial Use as Novel Food Ingredient (2020, background): “More than 95% of this market refers to synthetically derived astaxanthin produced from petrochemical sources [1] and only approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) as a feed additive in aquaculture [3,4].”