The Raptors of Europe and the Middle East: A Handbook of Field Identification Dick Forsman

By R. Yosef. 2000

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Simultaneous effects of age and territory quality on fecundity in Bonelli's Eagle Hieraaetus fasciatus (2003, methodology): “An individual was considered to be adult when its wing feathers showed no pale bars (> 3 1 / 2 years old; Cramp & Simmons 1980, Forsman 1999). To avoid bias associated with differential skills of fieldworkers in sexing eagles, data from the two sexes were pooled and only adult and subadult classes w”
Effect of human activities on the behaviour of breeding Spanish imperial eagles (Aquila adalberti): management implications for the conservation of a threatened species (2006, background): “Study pairs displayed adult plumage (A), except in six territories (Table 1) where the pairs consisted of individuals with subadult plumage (SA, see González, 1991; Forsman, 1999).”
The strategy of fly-and-forage migration, illustrated for the osprey (Pandion haliaetus) (2007, background): “Juvenile autumn birds were identified by their fresh plumage, pale scaling to upperparts and white trailing edge to wings and tail (Forsman 1999; del Hoyo et al. 1994).”
Survival in a long-lived territorial migrant: effects of life-history traits and ecological conditions in wintering and breeding areas (2009, methodology): “Bird age was assessed by plumage characteristics until the fifth year (Forsman 1999).”