Physiological effects of dominance hierarchies: laboratory artefacts or natural phenomena?

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Whole-body cortisol is an indicator of crowding stress in adult zebrafish, Danio rerio (2006, background): “While dominance hierarchies may breakdown under extreme crowding (Li and Brocksen, 1977), hierarchies may persist under mild crowding conditions (Sloman and Armstrong, 2002).”
The effects of environmental pollutants on complex fish behaviour: integrating behavioural and physiological indicators of toxicity. (2004, background): “Studies of fish social behaviour occur principally in a laboratory setting, where the interactions of pairs or larger groups of fish are observed in surroundings ranging from simple aquaria to lentic or lotic environments simulating natural ecosystems (Sloman and Armstrong, 2002).”
Intraspecific food competition in fishes (2006, background): “A number of studies have since considered in more detail the physiological components of dominance (see Sloman and Armstrong 2002 for a review) and we return to this theme in a subsequent section.”
Minnows and the selfish herd: effects of predation risk on shoaling behaviour are dependent on habitat complexity (2008, background): “…approaches to animal behaviour use ecologically relevant criteria, and this is being increasingly reflected in the nature of studies conducted (e.g. Magurran et al. 1996; Armstrong et al. 1997; Griffiths & Armstrong 2000; Sloman & Armstrong 2002; MacLean et al. 2005; Griffiths et al. 2007).”