The Commonality of Risk Factors for Nosocomial Colonization and Infection with Antimicrobial-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus, Gram-Negative Bacilli, Clostridium difficile, and Candida

By N. Safdar, D. Maki. Annals of Internal Medicine, 2002

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EPISEPSIS: a reappraisal of the epidemiology and outcome of severe sepsis in French intensive care units (2004, background): “Improved care of the elderly and of immunocompromised patients, plus the widespread use of invasive devices, have all probably contributed to this increasing rate [3, 16].”
The global epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (2017, background): “Safdar and Maki outlined a framework for the commonality of risk factors for the acquisition of MDR organisms in their landmark article.(90) This framework applies to the acquisition of CPE as well.”
Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Health Care Systems (2005, background): “While some resistant organisms have primarily been thought to be infection control problems and others antibiotic-use problems, an absolute distinction is artificial and both transmission and selection play important roles in the spread of antimicrobial resistance (133, 139).”
Risk of Clostridium difficile diarrhea among hospital inpatients prescribed proton pump inhibitors: cohort and case–control studies (2004, result): “difficile diarrhea with renal failure and older age observed in our study, and in previous reports.(22,25) Use of proton pump inhibitors has been associated with elevated gastrin levels,(26) which have been shown to have trophic effects on the colonic mucosa.”