Templated Grain Growth of Textured Piezoelectric Ceramics
By G. Messing, Susan E. Trolier-McKinstry, E. Sabolsky, C. Duran, Seongtae Kwon, B. Brahmaroutu, P. Park, H. Yilmaz, P. Rehrig, K. Eitel and 3 more. 2001
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ABSTRACT Crystallographic texturing of polycrystalline ferroelectric ceramics offers a means of achieving significant enhancements in the piezoelectric response. Templated grain growth (TGG) enables the fabrication of textured ceramics with single crystal-like properties, as well as single crystals. In TGG, nucleation and growth of the desired crystal on aligned single crystal template particles results in an increased fraction of oriented material with heating. To facilitate alignment during forming, template particles must be anisometric in shape. To serve as the preferred sites for epitaxy and subsequent oriented growth of the matrix, the template particles need to be single crystal and chemically stable up to the growth temperature. Besides templating the growth process, the template particles may also serve as seed sites for phase formation of a reactive matrix. This process, referred to as Reactive TGG (RTGG), has been used to obtain highly oriented Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3, Sr0.53Ba0.47Nb2O6, and (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-BaTiO3. Highly oriented Bi4Ti3O12, Sr2Nb2O7, CaBi4Ti4O15, Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3, Sr0.53Ba0.47Nb2O6 and (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-BaTiO3 ceramics have been produced by TGG. The resulting ceramics show texture levels up to 90%, and significant enhancements in the piezoelectric properties relative to randomly oriented ceramics with comparable densities. For example, piezoelectric coefficients of textured piezoelectrics are from 2 to 3 times higher than polycrystalline ceramics and as high as 90% of the single crystal values. In textured PMN-PT, a low field (< 5 kV/cm) piezoelectric coefficient (d 33) of ∼1600 pC/N was obtained with > 0.3% strain (at 50 kV/cm). The high field dielectric and electromechanical properties of textured perovskites are more hysteretic than those of single crystals, probably as a result of clamping by the residual template particles, residual random grains, the presence of non-ferroelectric second phases, and a wide orientation distribution. Lateral clamping of one grain by another may also be an important factor in fiber-textured samples. Means to further improve the quality of texture and thus properties of textured piezoelectric ceramics by TGG are presented.
Subfields: Biomedical Engineering, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Materials Chemistry
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Citations in the corpus
- A review of energy harvesting using piezoelectric materials: state-of-the-art a decade later (2008–2018) (2019, background): “Given the growing application of piezoelectric ceramics in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), PZT thin films have been developed to capitalize upon the small scale to achieve flexibility [60], as well as the use of grain texturing [61] and epitaxial thin films on substrates [62] to improve coupl”
- Perspectives on oblique angle deposition of thin films: From fundamentals to devices (2016, background): “Biaxially oriented thin films are of the utmost interest for many applications, for example the synthesis of oriented high-temperature thin-film superconductors [259], magnetic-oriented systems [260], coatings for mechanical applications [261], or controlling the heat transport properties of a surfa”