Quantifying defects in graphene via Raman spectroscopy at different excitation energies.

By Luiz Gustavo Cançado, A. Jorio, E. Ferreira, F. Stavale, Carlos A. Achete, Rodrigo B. Capaz, M. Moutinho, Antonio Lombardo, T. Kulmala, Andrea C. Ferrari. Nano letters (Print), 2011

3,369 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We present a Raman study of Ar(+)-bombarded graphene samples with increasing ion doses. This allows us to have a controlled, increasing, amount of defects. We find that the ratio between the D and G peak intensities, for a given defect density, strongly depends on the laser excitation energy. We quantify this effect and present a simple equation for the determination of the point defect density in graphene via Raman spectroscopy for any visible excitation energy. We note that, for all excitations, the D to G intensity ratio reaches a maximum for an interdefect distance ∼3 nm. Thus, a given ratio could correspond to two different defect densities, above or below the maximum. The analysis of the G peak width and its dispersion with excitation energy solves this ambiguity.

Subfields: Computational Mechanics, Materials Chemistry

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/649a040e575d46a27bc2d37b5fc0399030984f5f

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Computational Mechanics

1. A. Jorio
2. R. Young
3. Zhenhua Ni
4. Zhangting Wu
5. Andrea C. Ferrari
6. Nicola Maria Pugno
7. Luiz Gustavo Cançado

In Materials Chemistry

1. A. Jorio
2. Andrea C. Ferrari
3. Zhipei Sun
4. Tawfique Hasan
5. Francesco Bonaccorso
6. Zhenhua Ni
7. F. Torrisi
8. Kostas Kostarelos

Citations in the corpus

• Investigating nanostructures in carbon fibres using Raman spectroscopy (2018, background): “have shown experimentally that the intensity ratio ID/IG scales with the -4 th power of the excitation energy Eex [23-25].”
• Spectroscopic investigation of defects in two-dimensional materials (2016, methodology): “Raman spectroscopy can also be used to quantify the amount of defects in graphene [95, 103].”
• The influence of thermal annealing to remove polymeric residue on the electronic doping and morphological characteristics of graphene (2013, background): “[26] Cançado LG, Jorio A, Ferreira EHM, Stavale F, Achete CA, Capaz RB, et al.”