Underwater Internet of Things in Smart Ocean: System Architecture and Open Issues

By Tie Qiu, Zhao Zhao, Tong Zhang, Chen Chen, C. L. Philip Chen. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2020

297 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The development of the smart ocean requires that various features of the ocean be explored and understood. The Underwater Internet of Things (UIoT), an extension of the Internet of Things (IoT) to the underwater environment, constitutes powerful technology for achieving the smart ocean. This article provides an overview of the UIoT with emphasis on current advances, future system architecture, applications, challenges, and open issues. The UIoT is enabled by the most recent developments in autonomous underwater vehicles, smart sensors, underwater communication technologies, and underwater routing protocols. In the coming years, the UIoT is expected to bridge diverse technologies for sensing the ocean, allowing it to become a smart network of interconnected underwater objects that has self-learning and intelligent computing capabilities. This article first provides a horizontal overview of the UIoT. Then, we present a five-layer system architecture for the future UIoT, which consists of a sensing, communication, networking, fusion, and application layer. Finally, we suggest the current challenges and the future UIoT research trends, in which cloud computing, fog computing, and artificial intelligence are combined.

Subfields: Computer Networks and Communications, Ocean Engineering, Water Science and Technology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/646200bf72768eacf28c31ad2a1e938178c65565

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In Computer Networks and Communications

In Ocean Engineering

Citations in the corpus

Recent progress in blue energy harvesting for powering distributed sensors in ocean (2021, background): “Ocean sensors are the basis for underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) [2, 11-13, 16-24].”
Internet of Underwater Things and Big Marine Data Analytics—A Comprehensive Survey (2020, methodology): “Furthermore, using the edge computing capabilities discussed in Section II-J, it is possible to establish a laboratory on board of an oceanic exploration platform [37].”
Massive Access for 5G and Beyond (2020, background): “applications [170]. For instance, security cameras have been installed in forests to predict wildﬁres [171], and a large number of sensors have been deployed in the sea to monitor the ocean resources [172]. Currently, these areas are not covered by cellular networks. From a cost perspective, it is p”