Sarcopenia: etiology, clinical consequences, intervention, and assessment
By T. Lang, T. Streeper, P. Cawthon, K. Baldwin, D. Taaffe, Tamara B. Harris. Osteoporosis International, 2009
775 citations recorded by the source corpus.
The aging process is associated with loss of muscle mass and strength and decline in physical functioning. The term sarcopenia is primarily defined as low level of muscle mass resulting from age-related muscle loss, but its definition is often broadened to include the underlying cellular processes involved in skeletal muscle loss as well as their clinical manifestations. The underlying cellular changes involve weakening of factors promoting muscle anabolism and increased expression of inflammatory factors and other agents which contribute to skeletal muscle catabolism. At the cellular level, these molecular processes are manifested in a loss of muscle fiber cross-sectional area, loss of innervation, and adaptive changes in the proportions of slow and fast motor units in muscle tissue. Ultimately, these alterations translate to bulk changes in muscle mass, strength, and function which lead to reduced physical performance, disability, increased risk of fall-related injury, and, often, frailty. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the mechanisms underlying sarcopenia and age-related changes in muscle tissue morphology and function. We also discuss the resulting long-term outcomes in terms of loss of function, which causes increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries and other morbidities, leading to frailty and loss of independence.
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/63e7ae3457cb64d86b15b13a0e7754c18088224d
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Citations in the corpus
- Inflammation and sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (2017, unknown): “For instance, the conversion of type II (fast) fibers to type I (slow) fibers and subsequent lipid infiltration, which translate into impairment of muscle power and a greatly increased risk of falls [4].”
- An overview of sarcopenia: facts and numbers on prevalence and clinical impact (2010, background): “Altogether, there is a net conversion of fast type II muscle fibers into slow type I fibers with resulting loss in muscle power necessary for activities of daily living such as rising from a chair or climbing steps [15].”
- The decline in skeletal muscle mass with aging is mainly attributed to a reduction in type II muscle fiber size. (2013, background): “Such large differences in muscle fiber numbers, combined with the observed reduction in type II muscle fiber size of 25–30% (Lexell et al., 1988), do not seem realistic and are at odds with the ~25% loss of whole-muscle CSA observed previously (Doherty, 2003; Lang et al., 2010).”