Wet granular materials
By Namiko Mitarai, F. Nori. 2006
197 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Most studies on granular physics have focused on dry granular media, with no liquids between the grains. However, in geology and many real world applications (e.g. food processing, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, civil engineering, construction, and many industrial applications), liquid is present between the grains. This produces inter-grain cohesion and drastically modifies the mechanical properties of the granular media (e.g. the surface angle can be larger than 90 degrees). Here we present a review of the mechanical properties of wet granular media, with particular emphasis on the effect of cohesion. We also list several open problems that might motivate future studies in this exciting but mostly unexplored field. Contents PAGE 1. Introduction 2 1.1. Granular physics and wet granular media 2 1.2. What is different from dry granular media? 3 2. Wet granular media: Grains with liquid and air 5 2.1. Cohesion between two spheres 5 2.1.1. Meniscus and suction 5 2.1.2. Liquid bridge between two spheres 6 2.2. Wet granular media with various liquid content 7 2.2.1. Four states of liquid content: pendular, funicular, capillary, and slurry state 7 2.2.2. Liquid content and suction 8 2.2.2.1. Measurement of suction in granular media 8 2.2.2.2. Relation between the liquid content and suction 10 3. Mechanical properties 12 3.1. Granular cohesion in the static and quasi-static regimes 12 3.1.1. Compaction of wet granular media 12 3.1.2. Angle of repose for small amounts of liquid 13 3.1.2.1. Experiments 13 3.1.2.2. Cohesion and angle of repose 14 3.1.3. Tensile, compression, and shear tests for intermediate and large liquid content 19 3.1.3.1. Test methods and Mohr circle 19 3.1.3.2. Tests in the pendular state 23 3.1.3.3. Tests with intermediate liquid content 24 3.1.3.4. Tests in soil mechanics: relatively large amounts of liquid 25 3.2. Dynamical behaviour 27 3.2.1. Dynamics in the pendular state 28 3.2.1.1. Avalanches in rotating drums 28 3.2.1.2. Vibrated wet granular media 29 3.2.1.3. Segregation 31 3.2.2. Shear experiments for various liquid content 32 3.2.3. Dynamics of wet granular media: practical applications 35 3.2.3.1. Agglomeration processing: grains bound by liquid 35 3.2.3.2. Geological events 35 4. Summary and open questions 35 4.1. Effect of the liquid content on quasi-static behaviour 35 4.2. Open problems 36 4.2.1. Jamming 37 4.2.2. Statistical mechanics approach 39 4.2.3. Arches and contact-force fluctuations 39 4.2.4. Simple experimental set-ups to study the dynamics of wet granular media 39 4.2.5. Numerical simulations 40 4.2.6. Mechanical properties of snow 40 5. Conclusion 41 Acknowledgements 41 References 41
Subfields: Civil and Structural Engineering, Computational Mechanics, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/63812f0e79f5962cacdb8e6701cf3e64d17bdc55
How researchers see this paper
The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.
In Civil and Structural Engineering
In Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Citations in the corpus
- A closed‐form equation for effective stress in unsaturated soil (2010, background): “A macroscopic continuum representation of suction stress is the tensile stress [e.g., Mitarai and Nori, 2006; Lu et al., 2007] that can be simply determined from uniaxial tensile strength tests of unsaturated earth and other granular materials [Lu et al., 2007].”