Depression in heart failure a meta-analytic review of prevalence, intervention effects, and associations with clinical outcomes.

By T. Rutledge, Veronica Reis, S. Linke, B. Greenberg, P. Mills. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2006

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ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008 ‡ (2008, neutral): “Depression is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.(94) † There is limited evidence regarding screening and assessment tools as well as of the efficacy of psychological and pharmacological interventions in patients with HF.”
Depression and coronary heart disease: recommendations for screening, referral, and treatment: a science advisory from the American Heart Association Prevention Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, and Interdiscip (2008, background): “(9) Thinking that you would be better off dead or that you want to hurt yourself in some way.”
Depression and cardiovascular disease: a clinical review. (2014, background): “ranging from 10% in asymptomatic patients to 40% in those with severe functional impairment.(26) Depression in CHF patients is also an independent predictor of mortality and rehospitalization.”
Health theory of coping (2020, background): “They are also associated with significantly higher rates of death, secondary adverse events, and increased health care use, including higher rates of readmission and emergency department visits (Rutledge, Reis, Linke, Greenberg, & Mills, 2006).”