The evolution of the spectral energy distribution in massive young stellar objects

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ATLASGAL — towards a complete sample of massive star forming clumps ⋆ (2014, methodology): “These tracks consist of a vertical and horizontal component that Molinari et al. (2008) refer to as the main accretion and the envelope clean-up phases, which we will also adopt here.”
ATLASGAL - properties of a complete sample of Galactic clumps (2017, methodology): “For illustrative purposes we include evolutionary tracks derived by Molinari et al. (2008) from a simple model for the formation of massive stars.”
Hierarchical fragmentation and differential star formation in the Galactic ‘Snake’: infrared dark cloud G11.11−0.12 (2014, background): “Clumps with a similar mass but at a later evolutionarystage have a higher luminosity due to increased protostellar activity, resulting a higher luminosity-to-mass ratio (Sridharan et al. 2002; Molinari et al. 2008; Rathborne et al. 2010).”