The heat balance of the tropical tropopause, cirrus, and stratospheric dehydration

By D. Hartmann, J. Holton, Q. Fu. 2001

290 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/61c62f97aeea6774b300e5561c0d351c76add1cb

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Citations in the corpus

Tropical tropopause layer (2009, background): “Current data of multidecadal temperature trends (hampered by uncertainties and biases in observations) suggest a slight cooling of the TTL (at 100 hPa, 0.15 to 0.35 K/decade for 1959–1997 and 0.6 to 0.8 K/decade for 1979–1997 [Lanzante et al., 2003]), with a transition from warming to cooling just b”
Tropical troposphere‐to‐stratosphere transport inferred from trajectory calculations (2004, background): “Sherwood explains this in terms of overshooting convective clouds which inject cold, heavy air irreversibly at great heights, whereas Hartmann et al. [2001] suggest a net radiative cooling of air masses near the tropical tropopause, caused by cirrus decks above convective anvils which cool to spac”
An important constraint on tropical cloud ‐ climate feedback (2002, methodology): “As the temperature drops below about 200 K, the vapor pressure becomes so low that emission from water vapor is inefficient and radiative relaxation times are very long and mostly dependent on CO2 emission [Hartmann et al., 2001a; Thuburn and Craig, 2002].”
Horizontal transport and the dehydration of the stratosphere (2001, background): “A Simple Illustration of the West Pacific Cold Trap Hypothesis An explanation for the observed characteristics of the cold trap region was recently proposed by Hartmann et al. [2001]. They showed that when thin cirrus clouds occur just below the tropopause, but above a thick layer of convective anvi”
Stratospheric control of the Madden-Julian oscillation. (2017, background): “Because neartropopause cirrus clouds result in a net radiative cooling in the lower stratosphere and warming in the troposphere (Hartmann et al. 2001; Yang et al. 2010; Hong et al. 2016), this may destabilize the tropical upper troposphere, especially near the tropopause, helping a development of th”
Tropical stratospheric aerosol layer from CALIPSO lidar observations (2009, background): “by diabatic radiative heating [Hartmann et al., 2001; Holton and Gettelman, 2001;Corti et al., 2005; Fu et al., 2007; Yang et al., 2008] is still debated.”
Radiation balance of the tropical tropopause layer (2004, result): “The change is consistent with the cooling effects of clouds noted by other authors [Doherty et al., 1984; Sherwood, 2000; Hartmann et al., 2001].”
Why is longwave cloud feedback positive (2010, background): “radiative cooling, Hartmann et al. [2001] show that the radiative relaxation time sharply increases near 200 hPa, implying a dramatic reduction in the ability of water vapor to radiate away any temperature perturbations.”
Fifty Years of Research on the Madden‐Julian Oscillation: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives (2020, background): “These cirrus clouds will lead to a net radiative cooling in the lower stratosphere and warming in the troposphere (e.g., Hartmann et al., 2001; Q. Yang et al., 2010), thus further destabilizing the tropical upper troposphere and help to amplify the MJO (Son et al., 2017).”
Time-dependent upwelling in the tropical lower stratosphere estimated from the zonal-mean momentum budget (2002, background): “This is comparable to the inverse radiative timescale in the lower stratosphere, which has been estimated to be between 1/30 day (cid:50) 1 (Newman and Ro-senﬁeld 1997; Hartmann et al. 2001, hereafter HHF) and 1/100 day (cid:50) 1 (Kiehl and Solomon 1986; Mlynczak et al. 1999 .”
The impact of cirrus clouds on tropical troposphere-to-stratosphere transport (2006, unknown): “The heating rate in a thin high altitude cirrus for instance is positive in otherwise clear sky conditions, but close to zero or even negative in the case of an underlying high convective cloud (Ramaswamy and Ramanathan, 1989; Hartmann et al., 2001).”