Structure and Generation of Turbulence at Interfaces Strained by Internal Solitary Waves Propagating Shoreward over the Continental Shelf

By James N. Moum, D. Farmer, W. Smyth, L. Armi, S. Vagle. 2003

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Using discriminant analysis to determine the breaking criterion for an ISW propagating over a ridge (2010, background): “Large ISWs can affect oil drilling operations [1], produce turbulent mixing [2,25, 28 ], and cause nutrient pumping that will induce fish foraging [17,30].”
Internal wave detection using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (2007, background): “Historically, occurrences of these waves has been noted on the continental shelves, especially during the summer months [Colosi et al., 2001; Moum et al., 2003], as well as in straits [Farmer and Armi, 1999] and in the marginal seas [Apel et al.”
Prototypical solitons in the South China Sea (2006, background): “Similar wave-tracking exercises on the Oregon Shelf of both waves of depression [Moum et al., 2003] and waves of elevation [Klymak and Moum, 2003] demonstrate significant evolution of the waves over time and space (J.”
Breaking of shoaling internal solitary waves (2010, methodology): “Wave breaking has been observed to occur through shear instability (e.g. Kelvin–Helmhotz instability; Kao et al. 1985; Moum et al. 2003; Boegman et al. 2005) and Rayleigh– Taylor gravitational instability (Helfrich & Melville 1986; Michallet & Ivey 1999; Vlasenko & Hutter 2002).”
Energy Transport by Nonlinear Internal Waves (2007, background): “In surface-trapped waves it may be that the primary source of turbulence is from shear instabilities at the bottom interface (Moum et al. 2003).”