Cellulose nanocrystals from pineapple leaf, a new approach for the reuse of this agro-waste

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Production of Nanocellulose from Pineapple Leaf Fibers via High-Shear Homogenization and Ultrasonication (2018, methodology): “Various nanocellulose extraction methods have been explored; steam explosion along with mild chemical treatment [2], chemical-ultrasonic process [8], steam explosion alone [9,17], a chemo-mechanical process using acid hydrolysis and homogenized [14], wet blending [7], sulfuric acid hydrolysis [1,16,”
Utilization of pineapple peel for production of nanocellulose and film application (2018, background): “A similar phenomenon was also observed in the starch-based film and kappa-carrageenan-based film reinforced by nanocellulose (Savadekar et al. 2012; Savadekar and Mhaske 2012).”
Nanocellulose from Agricultural Wastes: Products and Applications—A Review (2021, background): “Cellulose nanofibers (CNF), which are also called microfibrillated cellulose, cellulose microfibril or microfibrillar cellulose, are currently being the subject of interest to researchers due to their interesting nanocomposite applications.”
Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from onion skin and their utilization for the preparation of agar-based bio-nanocomposites films (2015, background): “Santos et al. (2013) isolated cellulose nanowhiskers from an annually renewable agricultural residue pineapple leaf.”