Vocal Communication in a Fission-Fusion Society: Do Spider Monkeys Stay in Touch With Close Associates?

By Gabriel Ramos-Fernandez. International journal of primatology, 2005

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Individual specific contact calls of pallid bats (Antrozous pallidus) attract conspecifics at roosting sites (2011, background): “For example, fission–fusion social structure is characteristic of many avian and mammalian societies where subgroups are part of a larger group that frequently splits or merges together (Couzin 2006), and many species with this type of social system produce individually specific contact calls [e.g.,”
A complex social structure with fission–fusion properties can emerge from a simple foraging model (2005, unknown): “In the case of animal fission– fusion societies, an intriguing aspect is the fact that social relationships can be maintained in such a loose aggregation pattern (Kummer 1968; Smolker 2000; Ramos-Fernández 2005).”
Pant hoot chorusing and social bonds in male chimpanzees (2013, background): “…1996; rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta: Hauser & Marler 1993; squirrel monkeys, Saimiri spp.: Biben 1993; Soltis et al. 2002; spider monkeys, Ateles geoffroyi: Ramos-Fernandez 2005; ring-tailed lemurs, Lemur catta: Oda 1996; and siamangs, Symphalangus syndactylus: Geissmann & Orgeldinger 2000).”
Thermal Infrared Imaging from Drones Offers a Major Advance for Spider Monkey Surveys (2019, background): “A monkey was considered to be part of the same subgroup if it was within 30 m of a subgroup member according to a chain rule [33] (see Reference [34] for the concept of the chain rule).”