How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature and Informatics

By Katherine Hayles. 2001

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Biomedicalization: Technoscientific Transformations of Health, Illness, and U.S. Biomedicine (2003, background): “…biomedicine requires that their meanings and their material forms and practices, including embodied corporeal transformations and manifestations, be conjointly studied and analyzed as co-constitutive (Casper and Koenig 1996; Gray, FigueroaSarriera, and Mentor 1995; Haraway 1991, 1997; Hayles 1999).”
Biohackers: The Politics of Open Science (2013, background): “It is also important to stress the deep role, both from the epistemic and socio-economic point of view, played by the ‘cybernetic turn’: a turn towards the translation of genes and bodies into code, where informational pattern is privileged over materiality (Hayles 1999; Waldby 2000) and the incorpo”
Precision + Guided + Seeing (2006, neutral): “Pattern is privileged over presence.[13]”