Luminescent carbon nanodots: emergent nanolights.

By Sheila N. Baker, Gary A. Baker. Angewandte Chemie, 2010

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Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots: facile synthesis and application as a "turn-off" fluorescent probe for detection of Hg2+ ions. (2014, background): “…quantum dots and organic dyes, photoluminescent CQDs are superior in terms of aqueous solubility, functionalizability, resistance to photobleaching, toxicity, biocompatibility and exhibit broader photoluminescence profiles (Baker and Baker, 2010; Li H.T. et al., 2012; Li et al., 2010).”
Photoluminescence effects of graphitic core size and surface functional groups in carbon dots: COO− induced red-shift emission (2014, positive): “Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) have received considerable attention since their first serendipitous discovery mainly due to their easy and inexpensive preparation, fluorescent emission and low toxicity [1–4].”
Multicolor luminescent carbon nanoparticles: Synthesis, supramolecular assembly with porphyrin, intrinsic peroxidase-like catalytic activity and applications (2011, background): “CNPs have shown great impact in health and environmental applications as well as being promising building blocks for future nanodevices because of their fascinating photoluminescence and potential to serve as nontoxic replacements for traditional heavy-metalsbased quantum dots, as recently reviewed ”