Posttraumatic stress disorder following assault: the role of cognitive processing, trauma memory, and appraisals.

By S. Halligan, T. Michael, David M. Clark, A. Ehlers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2003

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The centrality of event scale: a measure of integrating a trauma into one's identity and its relation to post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. (2006, background): “However, both claims have found little support when subjected to more systematic experimental examination (e.g., Berntsen et al., 2003; Gray & Lombardo, 2001; Porter & Birt, 2001; Reviere & Bakeman, 2001; Rubin et al., 2004; but see Halligan, Michael, Clark, & Ehlers, 2003).”
Cognitive Behavioural Processes Across Psychological Disorders: A Transdiagnostic Approach To Research And Treatment (2004, background): “Such studies have indicated that the presence of dissociation (e.g. Shalev et al. 1996, 1997; Halligan et al. 2003), avoidance (e.g. Ehlers et al. 1998; Dunmore et al. 2001), and perceptually-driven or data-driven processing (e.g. Halligan et al. 2003) at the time of the trauma, or soon after,…”
Cognitive vulnerability to emotional disorders. (2005, background): “In a further prospective study, self-reported perceptual processing at the time of the assault, disorganization of trauma memories, and negative appraisals of intrusions were all predictive of later PTSD severity, again after controlling for initial symptom levels (Halligan et al. 2003).”