Is there more insect folivory in warmer temperate climates? A latitudinal comparison of insect folivory in eastern North America

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Global patterns in background losses of woody plant foliage to insects (2015, background): “The two latter publications are widely cited as evidence for a latitudinal gradient in herbivory because this pattern fits a number of theoretical assumptions well (reviewed by Adams & Zhang, 2009; Moles et al., 2011a,b; Rasmann & Agrawal, 2011).”
Latitudinal variation in herbivory: influences of climatic drivers, herbivore identity and natural enemies (2015, background): “For example, recent work has shown that largescale latitudinal variation in herbivore pressure is predominantly explained by climatic variables (Adams and Zhang 2009, Pearse and Hipp 2012, Moreira et al. 2014).”
Is the notion that species interactions are stronger and more specialized in the tropics a zombie idea? (2016, result): “However, many studies have found the opposite (Gaston et al. 2004, Adams & Zhang 2009, del-Val & Armesto 2010, Anderson et al. 2013).”
Adaptive geographical clines in the growth and defense of a native plant (2012, result): “These analyses have had inconsistent results, including positive, negative, and no clines with latitude (Andrew and Hughes 2005, Adams and Zhang 2009, Pennings et al. 2009).”